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Cinematography has its own genre-genre structure. Unlike other forms of art, the birth date of cinematography can be named absolutely precisely - December 28, 1895. It was on this day in Paris that the brothers O. and L. Lumiere demonstrated their first film program, which contained short documentary sketches: "The exit of workers from factories", "Arrival of the train", etc. The films of the Lumière brothers started the trend towards creating documentary cinema, because in all their pictures a certain immediacy of real reality was recorded.

New Ukrainian film art The rapid growth of Ukrainian cinema began relatively recently. Even at the beginning of the 21st century, new Ukrainian films remained invisible to the Ukrainian audience, and there was not even a word about the world one. In recent years, the situation has changed radically. The film is noticed, it regularly appears on the big screens and enters world film festivals. The Law "On State Support of Cinematography in Ukraine", adopted in 2017, unlike its previous version, increased the possibilities of state funding. New mechanisms aimed at supporting cinematography are being implemented: strengthening the protection of copyright and audiovisual rights on the air, financing of television series. Such initiatives should form a balanced system of the film process and everything related to it: film education, film production and film distribution. The law makes it possible to partially recover qualified expenses for the promotion of cinematography at the national level. In this way, film studios and cinemas "on wheels" are supported in small cities of Ukraine.

The 20s of the 20th century were marked by the creation of Ukrainian film studios. Many tapes were shot under their guidance, which became famous all over the world. A film was shot on the territory of the Odesa Film Studio, which later became a business card of the city and was included in the top ten films of world cinema. We are talking about "Battleship Potemkin" by Sergei Eisenstein. It is impossible not to mention the films of Oleksandr Dovzhenko, the central figure of Ukrainian cinema. O. Dovzhenko's style gave birth to a new direction of "Ukrainian poetic cinema": "Zvenigora", "Arsenal", "Zemlya". The latter takes the 2nd position in the list of the 100 best films in the history of Ukrainian cinema and is included in the top 12 films of all times and nations. Such a top was formed based on the results of a survey of 117 film historians and film experts from 26 countries of the world at the Fifth World Exhibition held in Brussels in 1958.

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Each era, each generation examines and studies the history of art from its own point of view. This constitutes the same subjective knowledge of objective truth. The history of Ukrainian cinema began in the 20th century. already at the end of the 20s. One of the first books that highlighted the history of domestic cinema was Ya. Savchenko's book "The Birth of Ukrainian Soviet Cinema" (1930). Years of repressions and wartime disasters did not contribute to the emergence of fundamental works of film studies. And only at the end of the 1950s, three books of essays "Ukrainian Soviet Cinema" published by the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR appeared. Its authors I. Kornienko, A. Zhukova, G. Zhurov, A. Romitsyn provide a systematic picture of Ukrainian cinema from the post-revolutionary years to the post-war years. It is interesting that in the early 1960s, the American film critic B. Berest published his work "The History of Ukrainian Cinema" (1962), which was largely polemical about the point of view of Soviet historians.

In films in the genre of fantasy, the original ideological and aesthetic guideline is the superiority of imagination over reality. A picture of a "wonderful world" is created, contrasted with everyday reality and familiar, everyday notions of plausibility. Fantasy and horror films are closely related genres of cinematography. Most of the popular plots of film fiction are borrowed from legends and myths. However, cinematography has its advantages over books: it is able to realize any ideas in a visual form, impressive with unique special effects. Film fiction is divided into "science fiction", "fantasy" and "horror films".