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Charles Spencer Chaplin (1889–1977) is an American film actor and film director. The phenomenon of Ch. Chaplin is the embodiment of the theory of "author's cinema" (the artist simultaneously acted as a screenwriter, director, actor, and composer in most of his films). His artistic output will forever remain in the history of world cinematography as a bright example of interpretation of the "comic" category. Chaplin's creative path includes three stages. The first is the period of the artist's formation, when experience was accumulated, active experimentation was carried out in the field of form and style, pictorial structure.

The concept of film genre began to take shape with the establishment of the Hollywood studio system. It helped systematize the production of films and facilitated their promotion to the market. Each studio specialized in the production of films of a certain genre: Paramount Pictures produced comedies, Universal Studios - horror films, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer - musicals, etc. At the same time, some directors and actors began to associate the audience with specific genres of movies: director Alfred Hitchcock — with thrillers, Jeffrey Ford — with westerns, Douglas Sirk — with melodramas, Wes Craven and Lamberto Vava — with horror films, John By — with action films , Roland Emmerich — with disaster films.

A premonition of an inevitable tragedy permeates the work of the masters of French cinematography, in particular the films of "poetic realism" by J. Préver and M. Carnet - "The Embankment of Mists", "The Day Begins"; paintings by J. Renoir - "The Great Illusion", "Rules of the Game", "Man-Beast". Therefore, it is no coincidence that the number one actor of the French cinema of this period is Jean Gabin, whose hero defies history and is doomed to death. This gave the well-known theoretician and film historian A. Bazen reason to call Gaben a tragic modern hero.