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An important event in the development of cinema art in the 30s was the invention of sound. This new discovery actively influenced the development of the system of cinematic expressiveness, became an important component of the film image and led to the emergence of musical film genres: musicals, film operas, etc. At the same time, analyzing this period in the history of world cinema, it is necessary to remember that the 30s of the 20th century. were associated with acute social cataclysms. On the one hand, the Great Depression, which stunned the USA, and on the other hand, the imminent danger of fascism and totalitarianism, which loomed over Europe, gave rise to feelings of insecurity, fear, and tragic foreboding in the artists of the 1930s.

Yuriy Shevchuk, founder and director of the Ukrainian Film Club of Columbia University, in his article " Language in the Modern Cinema of Ukraine", described this phenomenon as follows: "Ukrainian film aphorisms were included in the Russian collection "Flying Phrases and Aphorisms of the National Cinema" entirely according to the logic of colonialism, becoming a fact of imperial culture . Thus, a change in language causes a change in the national identity of a cultural product. Ukrainian film aphorisms, like entire films translated into Russian, ceased to belong to the people who created them, and became Russian not only for Russians, but also in the minds of Ukrainians themselves."

The French "new wave" is directly associated with the work of J.L. Godard - "On the Last Breath"; F. Truffaut - "400 blows"; A. Rene - "Hiroshima, my love." The films of these directors were characterized by improvisation, reportage, which enabled artists to depict the absurdity of the world, the cruel laws of society that oppress the individual. The French invariance of the philosophy of existentialism, which was represented by the concepts of J.-P. Sartre, A. Camus and S. de Beauvoir.