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A kind of alternative to the European cinema of the 20s was American film art, which was characterized by a realistic reflection of reality in the films of E. von Stroheim (1885–1957) - "Greed"; K. Vidora (1894–1982) - "Crowd"; in the tragicomedies of Ch. Chaplin - "Pilgrim", "Parisian Woman", "Gold Rush" and others.

At the same time, an extremely interesting phenomenon is forming in the art of cinema - the "star system". In fact, each genre of game cinema had its own "stars". In the melodrama, they were F. Bertini, E. Santos, M. Jacobini (Italy), A. Nilsson (Denmark), V. Kholodna and I. Mozzhukhin (Russia), R. Valentino (USA); in an adventure film - Musidora (France), W. Hart and D. Fairbanks (USA); the success of the comic drama was associated with the name of the great French actor M. Linder, whose creative output had a significant impact on the development of this genre in world cinema in general and on the work of the world comedy classic Charlie Chaplin in particular.

In some texts, the authors focus not so much on the film process as on its historical and social context. Thus, Z. Alfyorova draws attention to those general civilizational conflicts that were related to Ukraine and Ukrainian culture even in Soviet times. The author examines the artistic culture of Ukraine at the intersection of the influences of economic, political and socio-cultural systems and observes how the "crisis of reality", the "replacement of reality with signs of reality" is provoked both by the influence of "official" Soviet culture and the phenomena of early postmodernism. The author rightly notes that the internal dissidence of a certain circle of Ukrainian artists is reflected in the very style of screen works. However, interesting observations and theoretical generalizations do not always find concrete confirmation in the direct examination of the film process.

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A premonition of an inevitable tragedy permeates the work of the masters of French cinematography, in particular the films of "poetic realism" by J. Préver and M. Carnet - "The Embankment of Mists", "The Day Begins"; paintings by J. Renoir - "The Great Illusion", "Rules of the Game", "Man-Beast". Therefore, it is no coincidence that the number one actor of the French cinema of this period is Jean Gabin, whose hero defies history and is doomed to death. This gave the well-known theoretician and film historian A. Bazen reason to call Gaben a tragic modern hero.

The 20s of the 20th century were marked by the creation of Ukrainian film studios. Many tapes were shot under their guidance, which became famous all over the world. A film was shot on the territory of the Odesa Film Studio, which later became a business card of the city and was included in the top ten films of world cinema. We are talking about "Battleship Potemkin" by Sergei Eisenstein. It is impossible not to mention the films of Oleksandr Dovzhenko, the central figure of Ukrainian cinema. O. Dovzhenko's style gave birth to a new direction of "Ukrainian poetic cinema": "Zvenigora", "Arsenal", "Zemlya". The latter takes the 2nd position in the list of the 100 best films in the history of Ukrainian cinema and is included in the top 12 films of all times and nations. Such a top was formed based on the results of a survey of 117 film historians and film experts from 26 countries of the world at the Fifth World Exhibition held in Brussels in 1958.