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The Western avant-garde of the 1920s is vividly represented in French cinematography, in particular in the films of R. Clair (1890–1981) - "Paris Fell Asleep." "Intermission"; A. Hansa (1889–198'!) – "Wheel", "Napoleon"; in the surrealist tapes of L. Beunuel ([900_1983) – "Andalusian Dog", "The Golden Age" and in the cinema of Germany, in the depths of which the direction that was called film expressionism arose. Its prominent representatives were R. Wiene (1881–1938) – the director of the film “Cab!net of Dr. Caligari”, which is considered a manifesto of this direction, F. Lang (1890–1976) – “The Nibelungen”, “Weary Death”: F. Murnau (1889–1931) – "Nosferatu", "The Last Man".

Chaplin began his career in cinema at the Keystone Film studio. It was headed by the patriarch of American comedy M. Sennett, whose school also went through the famous comedians B. Keaton and G. Lloyd. However, the real "godfather" of American cinema of the beginning of the 20th century. certainly was D. W. Griffith (1875–1948). His films, among which the Birth of a Nation and Intolerance should be especially noted, enriched not only US cinema, but also the entire world cinema with new means of expression, improvement of the specifics of montage (parallel montage). Extremely interesting experiments are taking place at the same time and on the other side of the ocean - in the countries of Eastern Europe, in particular in Russia, where directors Ya. Protazanov, V. Gardin, E. Bauer, whose work was connected with the flourishing of the melodrama genre, are actively working.

A characteristic feature of French cinematography in the 30s–60s of the 20th century. was his constant connection with the processes taking place in the philosophical environment. Thus, the creativity of the country's leading cinematographers (M. Carnet, J. Renoir, A. René, etc.), who worked in different historical periods and held different aesthetic positions, was stimulated by the concepts of the outstanding European theoretician A. Bergson. The American "counterculture", which was based on the concept of neo-Freudianism, the idea of ​​youth rebellion, was represented by A. Penn's films "The Chase" and "Little Big Man"; M. Nichols "Graduate"; D. Hopper's "Light Rider"; M. Forman - "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest" etc.