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Charles Spencer Chaplin (1889–1977) is an American film actor and film director. The phenomenon of Ch. Chaplin is the embodiment of the theory of "author's cinema" (the artist simultaneously acted as a screenwriter, director, actor, and composer in most of his films). His artistic output will forever remain in the history of world cinematography as a bright example of interpretation of the "comic" category. Chaplin's creative path includes three stages. The first is the period of the artist's formation, when experience was accumulated, active experimentation was carried out in the field of form and style, pictorial structure.

A characteristic feature of the artist's filmmaking is "actingversatility ", because breadthhis artistic range enables him to work brilliantly indifferent genres:to a police fighter ("Panic inNeedle Park", "Serpico", "Sea of ​​Love", "Clash andetc.);psychological dramawith elements of mysticism ("Lawyerthe devil") ; a gangster film(" I'm with a facescar", "Carlito's Way", etc.),drama ("Scarecrow", "Bobby Deerfield" (screen adaptationE. M. Remarque's novel "Lifein debt"), melodramas with elements of comedy ("Author ! Author!","Francis and Johnny") and others.In all theirsAl Pacino's works demonstrate the highest level of acting professionalism.Every movie is from himparticipation is artistica perfect work that always inspires admirationviewersHowever, the most significant creative achievements ofAl Pacino's film production is primarily associated withtrilogy by F. F. Coppola "The Godfather", in which the actor created the image of the head of the mafiaMichael Corleone's clan, and the film "The Scent of a Woman" directed by M. Brest – deeplypsychological film entertainment aboutthe adventures of a blind colonel of the American army, for whichthe artist was awarded the highest prize of the American Film Academy - goldstatuettesOscar.

The appearance of "Essays" was a qualitatively new step in the development of domestic film studies. A wide range of scientists belonging to different schools and directions in film studies took part in the work. The authors did not set themselves the goal of consistently covering all stages of the formation and development of cinematography on the territory of Ukraine. But, without a doubt, the compilers and authors managed to focus on key moments, trace the most important regularities of the filmmaking process. Issues that have remained on the margins of the historical science of cinema have come into focus. Separate chapters are devoted to both local phenomena and entire historical stages, and the authors mostly build their research on a solid theoretical foundation.